DRT and Sarfaesi Lawyer: Questions with Answers for Sarfaesi Act

DRT and Sarfaesi Lawyer: Questions with Answers for Sarfaesi Act

Below is a list of common questions and answers related to the SARFAESI Act, 2002 (Securitisation and Reconstruction of Financial Assets and Enforcement of Security Interest Act) and the role of Debt Recovery Tribunals (DRTs), tailored for those seeking insights from a legal perspective. These are designed to address typical concerns borrowers, lenders, or legal practitioners might have.

DRT – Debt Recovery Tribunal

SARFAESI – Securitisation and Reconstruction of Financial Assets and Enforcement of Security Interest Act

DRT – Debt Recovery Tribunal

Purpose: Established to facilitate the speedy recovery of debts owed to banks and financial institutions.

Powers: Can pass orders, issue recovery certificates, and attach properties.

Appeals: Appeals against DRT orders can be made to the Debt Recovery Appellate Tribunal (DRAT).

SARFAESI – Securitisation and Reconstruction of Financial Assets and Enforcement of Security Interest Act, 2002

Objective: Allows banks and financial institutions to recover non-performing assets (NPAs) without court intervention.

Key Provisions:

Enables lenders to seize and sell secured assets of the borrower (like mortgaged properties).

Permits the creation of Asset Reconstruction Companies (ARCs) to buy bad loans.

Applicability: For secured loans and when the outstanding is ₹1 lakh or more, and the account has been classified as an NPA.

1. What is the SARFAESI Act, 2002?

Answer: The SARFAESI Act, 2002, is an Indian law that enables banks and financial institutions to recover non-performing assets (NPAs) without court intervention. It allows secured creditors to enforce security interests, such as seizing and auctioning properties (residential or commercial) when borrowers default on secured loans, thereby reducing NPAs through recovery and reconstruction methods.

2. What is the role of the Debt Recovery Tribunal (DRT) under the SARFAESI Act?

Answer: The DRT acts as an adjudicating authority where borrowers can challenge actions taken by banks under the SARFAESI Act, such as improper seizure of property. Under Section 17, borrowers can file an application within 45 days to contest measures like possession or auction notices. DRTs ensure fair proceedings, balancing lender recovery rights with borrower protections, and aim for expedited resolutions.

3. Who can approach the DRT under the SARFAESI Act?

Answer: Any person aggrieved by actions under Section 13(4) of the SARFAESI Act (e.g., possession, sale, or transfer of secured assets) can approach the DRT. This includes borrowers, guarantors, or third parties affected by the bank’s recovery measures. Applications must be filed within 45 days from the date of the action.

4. What actions can a bank take under the SARFAESI Act if a borrower defaults?

Answer: If a borrower defaults and the account is classified as an NPA, the bank can:

• Issue a notice under Section 13(2) demanding repayment within 60 days.
• Take possession of the secured asset under Section 13(4) if the borrower fails to comply.
• Sell or auction the asset to recover dues.
• Appoint a manager to oversee the asset or transfer it to an Asset Reconstruction Company (ARC).

5. Can a borrower challenge a bank’s notice under the SARFAESI Act?

Answer: Yes, a borrower can respond to the bank’s Section 13(2) notice within 60 days, raising objections. If the bank proceeds despite objections (e.g., takes possession), the borrower can file an application under Section 17 before the DRT within 45 days to challenge the action, seeking remedies like stay orders or restoration of property.

6. What is the pecuniary limit for DRT jurisdiction under the SARFAESI Act?

Answer: The DRT’s jurisdiction for original applications under the Recovery of Debts and Bankruptcy Act, 1993 (RDB Act), is typically for debts of Rs. 20 lakh or more. However, for appeals under Section 17 of the SARFAESI Act, DRTs can entertain matters regardless of the debt amount, as confirmed by the Supreme Court in State Bank of Patiala v. Mukesh Jain.

7. Can a third party file an application in DRT under the SARFAESI Act?

Answer: Yes, a third party (e.g., an auction purchaser or someone claiming rights over the secured asset) can file an application under Section 17 if aggrieved by the bank’s actions, such as forfeiture of deposits or improper auctions. However, DRTs cannot “hand over” possession to non-borrowers not previously in possession; such claims may go to civil courts.

8. What happens if the borrower does not pay after the 60-day notice period?

Answer: If the borrower fails to clear dues within 60 days of the Section 13(2) notice, the bank can take possession of the secured asset (symbolic or physical), sell it, or transfer it to recover the outstanding amount. The borrower can still approach the DRT to challenge these measures or negotiate repayment before the sale is finalized.

9. Can a bank auction a property without DRT involvement?

Answer: Yes, under the SARFAESI Act, banks can auction secured assets without court or DRT approval, provided they follow due process (e.g., issuing notices and adhering to timelines). However, the bank must inform the DRT about possession, and borrowers can approach the DRT if they believe the process was unfair or illegal.

10. What remedies are available to borrowers in DRT under Section 17?

Answer: The DRT can:

• Stay or set aside possession or auction notices.
• Restore possession of the secured asset to the borrower if the bank’s actions were unlawful.
• Direct compensation or other relief if the borrower’s rights were violated.
• However, remedies depend on the case’s merits, and the borrower may need to deposit a portion of the dues in some cases.

11. Is there a deposit requirement for filing an appeal in DRT?

Answer: In some cases, under the SARFAESI Act, borrowers appealing to the DRT may be required to deposit up to 50% of the claimed amount, reducible to 25% at the DRT’s discretion. However, the Supreme Court in Mardia Chemicals struck down a mandatory 75% deposit requirement as invalid, ensuring fair access to justice.

12. Can a borrower approach a High Court instead of DRT?

Answer: Generally, borrowers must exhaust remedies at the DRT and Debt Recovery Appellate Tribunal (DRAT) before approaching a High Court, as the SARFAESI Act bars civil court jurisdiction (Section 34). However, High Courts may entertain writ petitions under Article 226 in exceptional cases, such as gross violations of natural justice or procedural irregularities by the bank.

13. What is the timeline for filing an appeal in DRT under SARFAESI?

Answer: An application under Section 17 must be filed within 45 days from the date of the bank’s action (e.g., possession notice under Section 13(4)). The DRT may condone delays if the borrower shows sufficient cause for not filing on time.

14. Can unsecured creditors use the SARFAESI Act?

Answer: No, the SARFAESI Act applies only to secured loans where the bank can enforce underlying securities like mortgages or hypothecation. For unsecured loans, banks must approach civil courts or file applications under the RDB Act in DRT for recovery.

15. How does the SARFAESI Act interact with the Insolvency and Bankruptcy Code (IBC)?

Answer: The IBC, 2016, overrides conflicting provisions of the SARFAESI Act under Section 238. While SARFAESI focuses on secured asset recovery, the IBC deals with corporate insolvency and restructuring. If a borrower is under IBC proceedings, SARFAESI actions may be stayed during the moratorium period. The RDB Act was also amended to align with IBC for bankruptcy matters.

Here are some questions and answers related to the SARFAESI Act and the role of Debt Recovery Tribunals (DRTs):

Q1: What is the primary role of the Debt Recovery Tribunal (DRT) under the SARFAESI Act?

A1: The DRT acts as an adjudicating authority to resolve disputes related to debt recovery by financial institutions. It handles grievances from borrowers regarding actions taken by lenders under the SARFAESI Act and ensures expedited resolution of debt recovery cases.

Q2: What is the minimum amount required for initiating proceedings under the SARFAESI Act?

A2: The minimum amount required for initiating proceedings under the SARFAESI Act is Rs. 1 lakh.

Q3: Can an individual borrower challenge actions taken under the SARFAESI Act?

A3: Yes, an individual borrower can challenge actions taken under the SARFAESI Act by approaching the Debt Recovery Tribunal (DRT).

Q4: What is the time limit for the DRT to pass an order in a SARFAESI case?

A4: The DRT is required to pass an order within 60 days from the date of receipt of the application.

Q5: Can a borrower approach the DRT without repaying the outstanding debt?

A5: No, a borrower must deposit at least 50% of the outstanding debt before approaching the DRT.

Q6: Can a bank take possession of secured assets without the assistance of the District Magistrate?

A6: Yes, a bank can take possession of secured assets without the District Magistrate's assistance if the borrower does not raise any objection within 60 days.

Q7: What is the limitation period for banks to initiate action under the SARFAESI Act?

A7: The limitation period for banks to initiate action under the SARFAESI Act is 12 years from the date of the declaration of the account as an NPA.

Q8: Can a borrower challenge the order passed by the DRT under the SARFAESI Act?

A8: Yes, a borrower can challenge the DRT's order before the Debt Recovery Appellate Tribunal (DRAT).

Q9: What is the role of the DRAT in the SARFAESI Act framework?

A9: The DRAT serves as an appellate body where parties dissatisfied with the DRT's judgment can appeal. The borrower must deposit a significant portion of the debt to proceed with the appeal.

Q10: How does the SARFAESI Act empower lenders?

A10: The SARFAESI Act empowers lenders by allowing them to seize and sell secured assets in case of default, bypassing lengthy court procedures. However, the DRT ensures that such actions are legally valid and fair.

The Securitisation and Reconstruction of Financial Assets and Enforcement of Security Interest Act, 2002 (SARFAESI Act) is an Indian law that allows banks and financial institutions to auction properties (mortgaged or hypothecated) to recover loans. Below are some important questions and answers related to the SARFAESI Act, particularly focusing on issues that a DRT (Debt Recovery Tribunal) and SARFAESI lawyer may deal with.

1. What is the SARFAESI Act, and what is its purpose?

Answer: The SARFAESI Act, 2002, was enacted to allow banks and financial institutions to recover loans by enforcing security interests without the intervention of courts. It gives lenders the authority to take possession of collateral property, sell it, or auction it to recover the outstanding loan amount in case of a default.

2. What is a “secured creditor” under the SARFAESI Act?

Answer: A "secured creditor" is a bank or financial institution that has a security interest (like a mortgage or hypothecation) over a borrower’s property or asset as collateral for a loan. If a borrower defaults on a loan, the secured creditor has the right to take possession of and sell the collateral under the provisions of the SARFAESI Act.

3. What is the process of taking possession of mortgaged property under SARFAESI?

Answer: The process of taking possession of a mortgaged property involves:

• Notice of Demand: The secured creditor sends a notice demanding payment of the loan.

• Possession Notice: If the borrower fails to pay within 60 days, the lender can take physical possession of the property.

• Notice for Sale: The lender can then issue a notice for the sale of the property.

• Auction: The property is auctioned to recover the loan amount.

4. Can a borrower challenge the action taken under the SARFAESI Act?

Answer: Yes, a borrower can challenge the action taken under the SARFAESI Act before the Debts Recovery Tribunal (DRT). The borrower must file an appeal within 45 days of receiving the possession notice or the auction notice.

5. What is the role of the Debt Recovery Tribunal (DRT) in SARFAESI cases?

Answer: The DRT is a specialized tribunal that resolves disputes between banks/financial institutions and borrowers regarding the recovery of loans. It deals with appeals against actions taken under the SARFAESI Act, such as possession of mortgaged property or the sale of such property. A borrower can file an appeal with the DRT if they believe that the lender’s actions under the SARFAESI Act are illegal or improper.

6. What is the right of a borrower under the SARFAESI Act?

Answer: Under the SARFAESI Act, the borrower has several rights, including:

• Right to be heard: Borrowers can contest the lender’s actions before the DRT.

• Right to redeem the loan: The borrower can repay the loan and recover the property before the sale.

• Right to approach the Appellate Tribunal: If the DRT decision is not in their favor, they can appeal to the Appellate Tribunal within 30 days.

7. What happens if a borrower does not vacate the property after taking possession?

Answer: If a borrower does not vacate the property after a possession notice has been issued, the secured creditor has the right to take further legal action, including taking possession through the police, or proceeding with the sale of the property. The creditor may also approach the DRT for help in taking possession.

8. What is the time limit for filing an appeal in the DRT?

Answer: Under the SARFAESI Act, a borrower must file an appeal against the action of a secured creditor within 45 days from the date of receiving the notice of possession. If the borrower wishes to challenge the DRT's order, they must do so within 30 days at the Appellate Tribunal.

9. What is the difference between DRT and SARFAESI Act?

Answer: The DRT is a forum created for the recovery of debts by banks and financial institutions, while the SARFAESI Act gives secured creditors the right to take possession of collateral and auction it to recover debts. The DRT hears disputes and challenges related to the enforcement of the SARFAESI Act.

10. Is the borrower allowed to contest the auction process under SARFAESI?

Answer: Yes, the borrower can contest the auction process if they believe the process has not been followed correctly. They can approach the Debts Recovery Tribunal (DRT) to challenge the auction process within 45 days of the auction notice or sale.

11. What happens if the auctioned property does not cover the full loan amount?

Answer: If the sale proceeds from the auction of the property are insufficient to cover the full loan amount, the lender may file a suit for the recovery of the remaining amount in a civil court, or they can proceed to recover the balance through other means.

12. What is the procedure for an auction under the SARFAESI Act?

Answer: The auction process includes:

• Public Notice: The secured creditor publishes a public notice in a local newspaper with details about the property and auction.

• Reserve Price: The auction will start from a reserve price, and bids are accepted.

• Auction Sale: Once the highest bid is placed, the sale is concluded, and the buyer is required to pay the amount.

13. What if the borrower defaults on the loan under the SARFAESI Act?

Answer: If a borrower defaults on a loan and fails to repay after receiving a demand notice, the secured creditor can initiate steps under the SARFAESI Act to enforce the security interest. This includes taking possession of the mortgaged property and selling it through an auction.

14. What role does a lawyer play in the SARFAESI process?

Answer: A lawyer specializing in SARFAESI cases represents either the borrower or the lender in legal proceedings. They assist in:

• Filing appeals before the DRT or Appellate Tribunal.

• Challenging possession or auction notices.

• Negotiating settlements between the lender and borrower.

• Advising on compliance with the SARFAESI Act.

15. What is the meaning of “recovery of dues” under the SARFAESI Act?

Answer: The "recovery of dues" under the SARFAESI Act refers to the process by which a bank or financial institution recovers the outstanding loan amount from a defaulting borrower. This can include the enforcement of security interests by taking possession of mortgaged assets and selling them to recover the dues.

DRT and Sarfaesi Lawyer: Questions with Answers for Sarfaesi Act

Here are some common questions that a Debt Recovery Tribunal (DRT) lawyer and a Sarfaesi lawyer might ask each other regarding the Securitisation and Reconstruction of Financial Assets and Enforcement of Security Interest Act, 2002 (SARFAESI Act), along with their respective answers:

I. Questions from a DRT Lawyer to a Sarfaesi Lawyer:

Question 1: What are the initial steps a bank or financial institution needs to take before initiating action under Section 13(2) of the SARFAESI Act?

Answer: Before issuing a demand notice under Section 13(2), the following conditions must be met:

• The borrower's account must be classified as a Non-Performing Asset (NPA) as per the guidelines of the Reserve Bank of India (RBI).
• The outstanding amount must be a "secured debt," meaning it is secured by a valid security interest over immovable or movable property.
• The secured creditor must issue a demand notice to the borrower calling upon them to discharge their liabilities within 60 days from the date of the notice. The notice must specify the amount payable and the secured assets in question.

Question 2: What are the grounds on which a borrower can challenge a demand notice issued under Section 13(2) of the SARFAESI Act?

Answer: A borrower can challenge the demand notice primarily on the grounds that the notice does not comply with the requirements of Section 13(2) and Rule 3 of the Security Interest (Enforcement) Rules, 2002. Common grounds include:

• Incorrect calculation of the outstanding amount.
• Non-classification of the account as NPA according to RBI guidelines.
• Lack of proper identification of the secured assets.
• Failure to provide the borrower with the details of the secured debt.
• Violation of the principles of natural justice.

Question 3: What are the different measures a secured creditor can take under Section 13(4) of the SARFAESI Act if the borrower fails to repay after the demand notice period?

Answer: If the borrower fails to discharge their liability within the 60-day notice period, the secured creditor can take one or more of the following measures under Section 13(4):

• Take possession of the secured assets, including the right to transfer by way of lease, assignment, or sale.
• Appoint a manager to manage the secured assets.
• Require any person who has acquired any of the secured assets from the borrower to pay the secured creditor any money due or becoming due to the borrower.
• Sell or lease or assign the right over the secured assets.

Question 4: What is the procedure for taking physical possession of an immovable property under the SARFAESI Act?

Answer: The procedure for taking physical possession involves:

• Issuing a possession notice under Rule 8(1) of the Security Interest (Enforcement) Rules, 2002, which is affixed to the property and published in two leading newspapers.
• If the possession is peaceful, the authorized officer takes physical possession.
• If there is resistance, the secured creditor can approach the Chief Metropolitan Magistrate (CMM) or the District Magistrate (DM) under Section 14 of the Act for assistance in taking possession.

Question 5: What are the rights of a borrower whose property has been taken possession of under the SARFAESI Act?

Answer: The borrower has several rights, including:

• The right to redeem the secured asset by paying the outstanding dues along with all costs and expenses incurred by the secured creditor at any time before the date of auction or sale.
• The right to file an application under Section 17 of the SARFAESI Act before the DRT challenging the measures taken by the secured creditor under Section 13(4).
• The right to receive any surplus amount remaining after the sale of the secured asset, after deducting all dues and expenses.

II. Questions from a Sarfaesi Lawyer to a DRT Lawyer:

Question 1: What is the jurisdiction of the DRT under Section 17 of the SARFAESI Act?

Answer: Under Section 17 of the SARFAESI Act, the DRT has the jurisdiction to entertain and decide any application from any person (including the borrower) aggrieved by any of the measures referred to in sub-section (4) of Section 13 taken by the secured creditor or his authorized officer. The DRT examines whether the measures taken are in accordance with the provisions of the Act and the rules made thereunder.

Question 2: What is the limitation period for filing an application under Section 17 of the SARFAESI Act before the DRT?

Answer: An application under Section 17 must be filed before the DRT within forty-five days from the date on which the cause of action arose (i.e., the date of taking possession, auction notice, etc.). The DRT has the power to condone the delay for a further period not exceeding thirty days if sufficient cause is shown.

Question 3: Can the DRT grant an injunction against the auction or sale of the secured asset initiated under the SARFAESI Act?

Answer: Yes, the DRT has the power to grant an interim or final order, including an order to restrain the secured creditor from further proceeding with the sale or auction of the secured asset, if it finds that the measures taken by the secured creditor are not in accordance with the provisions of the SARFAESI Act and the rules. However, this is typically granted when there is a strong prima facie case in favor of the applicant.

Question 4: What are the key grounds on which the DRT typically sets aside the actions taken by the secured creditor under Section 13(4) of the SARFAESI Act?

Answer: The DRT may set aside the actions taken by the secured creditor if it finds that:

• There was a material irregularity or illegality in the issuance of the demand notice under Section 13(2).
• The possession notice or sale notice was not served or published in accordance with the rules.
• The valuation of the property was conducted improperly, leading to a distress sale.
• The auction process was flawed or not transparent.
• The secured creditor failed to comply with any mandatory provisions of the SARFAESI Act or the rules.

Question 5: What is the procedure for appealing against an order passed by the DRT under Section 17 of the SARFAESI Act?

Answer: An appeal against the order of the DRT under Section 17 lies to the Debt Recovery Appellate Tribunal (DRAT) under Section 18 of the SARFAESI Act. The appeal must be filed within thirty days from the date of the order of the DRT. The appellant is also required to deposit 50% of the amount of debt as determined by the DRT (or such lesser amount as directed by the DRAT, not being less than 25% of the debt amount) with the DRAT as a condition for the appeal to be entertained.

These questions and answers provide a basic understanding of some key aspects of the SARFAESI Act from the perspectives of both a DRT lawyer and a Sarfaesi lawyer. The specific nuances and interpretations can be complex and often depend on the individual facts and circumstances of each case.

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Building a Community of Informed Individuals

While the specifics are yet to be confirmed, MediumPulse.com might offer features that encourage user engagement, like comment sections, social media integration, or even interactive polls. This creates a space for discussion and fosters a community around the news.

A New Player in the News Landscape

While MediumPulse.com appears to be a relatively new platform, it offers a promising approach to news delivery. However, there are a few things to keep in mind:

Limited Information: Currently, details about the editorial team and fact-checking process seem scarce.

Potential Bias: As with any news source, be mindful of potential bias when consuming information. Cross-referencing with established news outlets is always a good practice.

MediumPulse.com holds potential as a valuable resource for free, updated news and information. For curious minds seeking knowledge beyond the headlines, this platform might be worth exploring. However, remember to be a discerning reader and consider its limitations as a new player in the ever-evolving news landscape.

Free News Portal Website: Stay Updated with MediumPulse.com

In today's fast-paced digital world, staying informed is crucial. MediumPulse.com, a free online news portal, offers a seamless way to access the latest news, updates, and knowledge on a wide range of topics. Designed to cater to readers from all walks of life, MediumPulse.com ensures that everyone can stay informed without any subscription or hidden fees.

What is MediumPulse.com?

MediumPulse.com is a free news portal that serves as a reliable platform for delivering timely and accurate news updates. Whether you are interested in global events, local happenings, technology, health, sports, or entertainment, this portal offers a wealth of information at your fingertips. Its user-friendly interface and diverse content make it a go-to source for news enthusiasts.

Features of MediumPulse.com

1. Free Access to News
   
   • MediumPulse.com provides unrestricted access to news articles, ensuring that knowledge and information remain accessible to everyone.
2. Real-Time Updates
   
   • Stay ahead with real-time updates on breaking news and trending topics. MediumPulse.com ensures you are always informed about what matters most.
3. Wide Range of Topics
   
   • The platform covers a broad spectrum of categories, including:
     
     • Politics
     • Technology
     • Business
     • Health
     • Science
     • Entertainment
     • Sports
4. User-Friendly Design
   
   • The website's clean and intuitive design makes navigation a breeze, allowing users to quickly find articles of interest.
5. Mobile Compatibility
   
   • MediumPulse.com is fully optimized for mobile devices, making it convenient to access news on the go.
6. Interactive Features
   
   • Engage with interactive features like comments, polls, and forums to share your opinions and connect with like-minded individuals.

In an age where many news portals require subscriptions, MediumPulse.com stands out by offering free and unlimited access to high-quality content. The platform prioritizes user experience and ensures that information is presented in a credible and unbiased manner. Its dedication to transparency and accuracy has earned it the trust of readers worldwide.

Getting started with MediumPulse.com is as simple as visiting their website. No registration or payment is required. Just navigate to the portal and explore a world of news and updates tailored to your interests.

MediumPulse.com redefines how we consume news by making it free, accessible, and engaging for everyone. Whether you're a casual reader or a news enthusiast, this online news portal is your gateway to staying informed and updated. Visit MediumPulse.com today and experience the difference of a truly open and user-centric news platform.

Exploring MediumPulse.com: Your Free Online News Portal for Updated Knowledge

In today's fast-paced digital landscape, access to timely and accurate information is essential. MediumPulse.com emerges as a noteworthy online news portal, dedicated to providing users with a wealth of knowledge across various domains. This article delves into the features and offerings of MediumPulse.com, highlighting its role as a reliable source for current events and educational content.

A Comprehensive Resource for Current Events

MediumPulse.com positions itself as a one-stop destination for individuals seeking updated knowledge and information. The portal covers a broad spectrum of topics, including:

• Politics
• Technology
• Health
• Entertainment
• Sports

This extensive range ensures that readers can find relevant content tailored to their interests, whether they are professionals looking for industry insights or casual readers wanting to stay informed about global events.

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Types of Lawyers in Bhopal Advocates Family Lawyers: These types of lawyers are the ones who handle the family-based cases such as custody, property dispute, divorce, guardianship, etc. These lawyers act as a mediator and help with the advice, documentation processing, and other services. They also help with family-based property issues involved in a divorce battle by acting as a mediator. Intellectual Property Lawyers: They mainly deal with all civil and domestic matters, which make it a broad practice. From land-related matters to property disputes, civil legal matters involve a large field, with many subcategories. Civil Lawyers: Civil lawyers are the professionals that look into the matters of property, people and relationships. They fight the cases that pertain to mortgages, damage suits, litigation, and many others. They mainly deal with all civil and domestic matters, which make it a broad practice. From land-related matters to property disputes, civil legal matters involve a large field, with many subcategories. Criminal Lawyers: Criminal lawyers are the experts who handle the cases of theft, drug trafficking, goon’s issue, etc. This type of lawyer fights a case for the criminals and against the criminals as well. Business Lawyer: They specialize in handling business-related matters or legalities at the work front, including employment and labour. Bankruptcy Lawyers: Bankruptcy lawyers handle the cases related to financial bankruptcy. They assist the clients on the eligibility as well as the type of bankruptcy and suggest the right type based on their circumstances. Immigration Advocate: Lawyers specializing in immigration-related matters such as passport, visa, and other legalities are often helpful when you want to settle abroad. Medical Malpractice Lawyer: They deal with the medical malpractices and mistakes happening in the field of medicine and healthcare on behalf of the doctor, nurse, or pharmacist. Tax lawyer: A tax lawyer deals with the complicated field of tax laws. They are known for their specializations in handling legal cases associated with their clients’ tax situations. They also provide advice to their client companies regarding handling their tax returns wisely.